web component
目前主流框架的组件编写方式都是基于web components API实现的,所以想要了解框架,就也需要去了解web components 定义和使用。
# 组件定义
class UserCard extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
}
}
window.customElements.define('user-card', UserCard);
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目前已经完成一个空的自定义元素了,我们需要往里面添加组件内容
class UserCard extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
var image = document.createElement('img');
image.src = 'https://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar2/large/kristy.png';
image.classList.add('image');
var container = document.createElement('div');
container.classList.add('container');
var name = document.createElement('p');
name.classList.add('name');
name.innerText = 'User Name';
var email = document.createElement('p');
email.classList.add('email');
email.innerText = 'yourmail@some-email.com';
var button = document.createElement('button');
button.classList.add('button');
button.innerText = 'Follow';
container.append(name, email, button);
this.append(image, container);
}
}
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可以看出来这个组件有img,div,p,button元素,完成这一步以后,自定义元素内部的DOM结构就已经生成。
# template使用
用js写DOM结构很麻烦,web component API提供了template标签,在template里面自定义DOM。
<template id="userCardTemplate">
<img src="https://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar2/large/kristy.png" class="image">
<div class="container">
<p class="name">User Name</p>
<p class="email">yourmail@some-email.com</p>
<button class="button">Follow</button>
</div>
</template>
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再改写通过id加载template
class UserCard extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
var templateElem = document.getElementById('userCardTemplate');
var content = templateElem.content.cloneNode(true);
this.appendChild(content);
}
}
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# 添加样式
自定义组件没有样式,需要指定全局样式
user-card {
/* ... */
}
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但如果想样式只是在template中生效,可以在template中定义样式
<template id="userCardTemplate">
<style>
:host {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
width: 450px;
height: 180px;
background-color: #d4d4d4;
border: 1px solid #d5d5d5;
box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-radius: 3px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 10px;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
}
.image {
flex: 0 0 auto;
width: 160px;
height: 160px;
vertical-align: middle;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.container {
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 20px;
height: 160px;
}
.container > .name {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 600;
line-height: 1;
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.container > .email {
font-size: 12px;
opacity: 0.75;
line-height: 1;
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.container > .button {
padding: 10px 25px;
font-size: 12px;
border-radius: 5px;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
</style>
<img src="https://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar2/large/kristy.png" class="image">
<div class="container">
<p class="name">User Name</p>
<p class="email">yourmail@some-email.com</p>
<button class="button">Follow</button>
</div>
</template>
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# 自定义元素的参数
<user-card
image="https://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar2/large/kristy.png"
name="User Name"
email="yourmail@some-email.com"
></user-card>
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template和类的内容就需要修改一下
<template id="userCardTemplate">
<style>...</style>
<img class="image">
<div class="container">
<p class="name"></p>
<p class="email"></p>
<button class="button">Follow John</button>
</div>
</template>
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class UserCard extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
var templateElem = document.getElementById('userCardTemplate');
var content = templateElem.content.cloneNode(true);
content.querySelector('img').setAttribute('src', this.getAttribute('image'));
content.querySelector('.container>.name').innerText = this.getAttribute('name');
content.querySelector('.container>.email').innerText = this.getAttribute('email');
this.appendChild(content);
}
}
window.customElements.define('user-card', UserCard);
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# Shadow DOM
如果我们不需要显示出组件内部内容,就使用this.attachShawdow( { mode: 'closed' } )关闭shadow DOM 最后完整代码显示
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<title>JS Bin</title>
</head>
<body>
<user-card
image="https://semantic-ui.com/images/avatar2/large/kristy.png"
name="User Name"
email="yourmail@some-email.com"
>
</user-card>
<template id="userCardTemplate">
<style>
:host {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
width: 450px;
height: 180px;
background-color: #d4d4d4;
border: 1px solid #d5d5d5;
box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
border-radius: 3px;
overflow: hidden;
padding: 10px;
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
}
.image {
flex: 0 0 auto;
width: 160px;
height: 160px;
vertical-align: middle;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.container {
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 20px;
height: 160px;
}
.container > .name {
font-size: 20px;
font-weight: 600;
line-height: 1;
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.container > .email {
font-size: 12px;
opacity: 0.75;
line-height: 1;
margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.container > .button {
padding: 10px 25px;
font-size: 12px;
border-radius: 5px;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
</style>
<img class="image">
<div class="container">
<p class="name"></p>
<p class="email"></p>
<button class="button">Follow John</button>
</div>
</template>
</body>
</html>
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class UserCard extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow( { mode: 'closed' } );
const templateElem = document.getElementById('userCardTemplate');
const content = templateElem.content.cloneNode(true);
content.querySelector('img').setAttribute('src', this.getAttribute('image'));
content.querySelector('.container>.name').innerText = this.getAttribute('name');
content.querySelector('.container>.email').innerText = this.getAttribute('email');
shadow.appendChild(content);
}
}
window.customElements.define('user-card', UserCard);
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# 扩展
添加事件
this.$button = shadow.querySelector('button');
this.$button.addEventListener('click', () => {
// do something
});
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注:封装好该组件代码,将template注入网页后,可以封装成一个js组件,能在网页上直接编写user-card这个组件。
编辑 (opens new window)
上次更新: 2023/03/27, 17:49:25